VI cheat sheet
Primero unas cuantas teclas/comandos de uso común:| Tecla | Acción |
| h,j,k,l | izquierda, abajo, arriba, derecha |
| E | Ir al final de línea |
| A ESC | Ir a fin de línea |
| i | Entrar en modo insertar |
| R | Entrar en modo sustituir |
| ESC | Salir del modo actual |
| :w | salvar |
| :q | salir (pregunta si hay cambios sin salvar) |
| :q! | salir sin guardar cambios |
| :set noai | quitar el autoindent (el efecto escalera al pegar) |
| :set paste | para que no ponga automáticamente almohadillas despues de la primer línea con almohadillas (últil al pegar, como el :set noai) |
| :set nu | mostrar el número de línea delante de cada línea (viene de ":set number") |
| ma,'a | marcar la posición como "a", saltar a la posición "a" |
| cw | sustituir palabra |
| :1923 | Ir a la línea 1923 |
| :%s/cafe/chocolate/g | sustituir todas las apariciones de la palabra "cafe" por "chocolate" |
| /sospechoso | buscar la palabra "sospechoso" |
| :r/tmp/mifich.txt | Incluir fichero /tmp/mifich.txt |
| .!ls | incluir el resultado de hacer un ls en el fichero actual |
Para el VIM (linux) hay una buena guía aquí, y está esta otra guía más breve.
A continuación va una guía para el vi "estándar".
VI "CHEAT" SHEET
ACNS BULLETIN ED-03
FEBRUARY 1995
VI EDITOR "CHEAT SHEET"
Invoking vi:
vi filename
Format of vi commands:
[count][command] (count repeats the effect of the command)
COMMAND MODE VERSUS INPUT MODE
------------------------------
Vi starts in command mode. The positioning commands
operate only while vi is in command mode. You switch
vi to input mode by entering any one of several vi
input commands. (See next section.) Once in input
mode, any character you type is taken to be text and
is added to the file. You cannot execute any
commands until you exit input mode. To exit input
mode, press the escape (Esc) key.
INPUT COMMANDS (END WITH ESC)
-----------------------------
a Append after cursor
i Insert before cursor
o Open line below
O Open line above
:r file Insert file after current line
Any of these commands leaves vi in input mode until
you press Esc. Pressing the RETURN key will not take
you out of input mode.
CHANGE COMMANDS (INPUT MODE)
----------------------------
cw Change word (Esc)
cc Change line (Esc) - blanks line
c$ Change to end of line
rc Replace character with c
R Replace (Esc) - typeover
s Substitute (Esc) - 1 char with string
S Substitute (Esc) - Rest of line with text
. Repeat last change
CHANGES DURING INSERT MODE
--------------------------
h Back one character
w Back one word
u Back to beginning of insert
FILE MANAGEMENT COMMANDS
------------------------
:w name Write edit buffer to file name
:wq Write to file and quit
:q! Quit without saving changes
ZZ Same as :wq
:sh Execute shell commands (d)
WINDOW MOTIONS
--------------
d Scroll down (half a screen)
u Scroll up (half a screen)
f Page forward
b Page backward
/string Search forward
?string Search backward
l Redraw screen
g Display current line number and file information
n Repeat search
N Repeat search reverse
G Go to last line
nG Go to line n
:n Go to line n
z Reposition window: cursor at top
z. Reposition window: cursor in middle
z- Reposition window: cursor at bottom
CURSOR MOTIONS
--------------
H Upper left corner (home)
M Middle line
L Lower left corner
h Back a character
j Down a line
k Up a line
^ Beginning of line
$ End of line
l Forward a character
w One word forward
b Back one word
fc Find c
; Repeat find (find next c)
DELETION COMMANDS
-----------------
dd or ndd Delete n lines to general buffer
dw Delete word to general buffer
dnw Delete n words
d) Delete to end of sentence
db Delete previous word
D Delete to end of line
x Delete character
RECOVERING DELETIONS
--------------------
p Put general buffer after cursor
P Put general buffer before cursor
UNDO COMMANDS
-------------
u Undo last change
U Undo all changes on line
REARRANGEMENT COMMANDS
----------------------
yy or Y Yank (copy) line to general buffer
"z6yy Yank 6 lines to buffer z
yw Yank word to general buffer
"a9dd Delete 9 lines to buffer a
"A9dd Delete 9 lines; Append to buffer a
"ap Put text from buffer a after cursor
p Put general buffer after cursor
P Put general buffer before cursor
J Join lines
PARAMETERS
----------
:set list Show invisible characters
:set nolist Don't show invisible characters
:set number Show line numbers
:set nonumber Don't show line numbers
:set autoindent Indent after carriage return
:set noautoindent Turn off autoindent
:set showmatch Show matching sets of parentheses as they are typed
:set noshowmatch Turn off showmatch
:set showmode Display mode on last line of screen
:set noshowmode Turn off showmode
:set all Show values of all possible parameters
MOVE TEXT FROM FILE OLD TO FILE NEW
-----------------------------------
vi old
"a10yy yank 10 lines to buffer a
:w write work buffer
:e new edit new file
"ap put text from a after cursor
:30,60w new Write lines 30 to 60 in file new
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS (SEARCH STRINGS)
------------------------------------
^ Matches beginning of line
$ Matches end of line
. Matches any single character
* Matches any previous character
.* Matches any character
SEARCH AND REPLACE COMMANDS
---------------------------
Syntax:
:[address]s/old_text/new_text/
Address components:
. Current line
n Line number n
.+m Current line plus m lines
$ Last line
/string/ A line that contains "string"
% Entire file
[addr1],[addr2] Specifies a range
Examples:
The following example replaces only the first
occurrence of Banana with Kumquat in each of 11
lines starting with the current line (.) and
continuing for the 10 that follow (.+10).
:.,.+10s/Banana/Kumquat
The following example replaces every occurrence
(caused by the g at the end of the command) of apple
with pear.
:%s/apple/pear/g
The following example removes the last character
from every line in the file. Use it if every line in
the file ends with ^M as the result of a file
transfer. Execute it when the cursor is on the first
line of the file.
:%s/.$//
Contact ACNS
Academic Computing and Networking Services
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-2028 USA (970) 491-7276
© Copyright Colorado State University, 2000-2002.
Last updated: Tuesday, 19-Oct-1999 17:39:40 MDT